Freiburger historische Bestände - digital

EXPLANATION

OF

PLATE 35.

Various Mammalian skulls viewed from the upper side.

Fig. 1. Didelphys marsupialis, the same specimen as that figured on Plate 33. f.

— 2. Canis uulpes. f.

— 3. Zalophus californianus. A little more than \.

— 4. Phoca groenlandica. A little more than \.

5. Macacus cynomolgus. The posterior wall of the orbita has been taken away. The skull is not
viewed in the same position as the other specimens on this plate, but so that the anterior end of it has been
turned somewhat upwards (so that the nasals are lying horizontally). Comp. fig. 4 and the text p. 84.

Fig. 6—11 represent a series of skulls of a Lemur and various Primates, to show the successive development
of the skull from an ordinary Mammalian form to the European man. All are seen in the same position
from above.

Fig. 6. Lemur. The skull is to some extent formed in a similar manner as in the Fox (fig. 2); the
snout is long and slender, the upper side of it very slightly oblique in relation to the hard palate; the
openings of the orbits are turned obliquely laterally and forwards (more forwards than in the Fox) and
upwards. J.

Fig. 7. Cebus. The snout has become much shortened, and its upper side very oblique in relation
to the hard palate, the openings of the orbits have become much approached and are turned more forwards
and only a little laterad and upwards, c. j.

Fig. 8. Cercopithecus. The snout behaves in a similar manner as in Cebus. But the direction of
the openings of the orbits are decidedly less laterad and less upwards, but more forwards.

Fig. 9. Macacus. The snout is similar, a little more prolongated. The openings of the orbits are
directly forwards, they are not at all seen, when the skull as here is seen from above, the hard
palate being placed horizontally, f.

Fig. 10. Australian. The snout has become excessively shortened and, taken as a whole, is not far
from being right-angled to the hard palate. But the tooth-bearing jaw-margin is still seen in the view
from above, though much shortened. The openings of the orbits are totally concealed in the view from
above.

Fig. 11. European. The tooth-bearing margin of the jaw has been still more shortened and only
very little of it is seen. But opposed to the Australian and the Apes the nasal bones and the adjoining
parts of the maxillary bones have been vaulted from one side to the other, this part therewith having
become so prominent that in the view from above it conceals most of the short jaw-margin, of which
only the lateral parts are seen.