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Dr. Cunningham—Surface Anatomy of the Primate Cerebrum. 23

Fig. 7.

Outer surface of a brain described and
figured by Dr. Hans Virchow.

cerebral hemisphere is that of the period of the transitory fissures. With
reference to those on the outer surf ace he remarks: " Ebenso auffallend
ist die Abweichung vom Typus bei den
Furchen. Es ist gewissermassen der normale
Typus ganzlich aufgehoben und durch einen
neuen Typus ersetzt, welcher an die Zustande
beim ersten Auftreten der Furchen dadurch
erinnert, dass eine Tendenz zu radiaren Anord-
nung die Furchen beherrscht." But it is not
an exaggeration of the permanent " radiaren
Primarfurchen," of Reichert, Bischoff and
Pansch, that this brain shows but the retention
of the much earlier transitory fissures.

In Dr. Bruce's case of absent corpus callosum, the fissure of Rolando is
situated very far forward, and is continued over the upper border of the
cerebrum on to the mesial face of the hemisphere. We might naturally
question whether or not this is the true fissure of Rolando, or merely a
furrow produced by the retention of one of the primitive transitory
fissures. Such a fissure as is represented in fig. 11, PI. i., would stand for
it. The direction of the fissure of Rolando in Dr. Bruce's case, viz. from
above downward and backward, would lend some support to this view.

Zuckerkandl* describes and figures the misshapen brain of a child (fig. 8),
in which there is a considerable amount of convolutionary disturbance. On
the inner face of both hemispheres the fissures are arranged in a radiated
manner, and in the left hemisphere there is little or no trace of the calloso-
marginal sulcus. This abnormal condition Zuckerkandl believes to have
been brought about by pressure of the uterine wall upon the foetus,
through a deficiency in the quantity of amniotic fluid. The skull had
assumed that form which one observes in the " artificially deformed crania
of the Huancas." If Zuckerkandl be right in his explanation, the case is
one of high interest, because the radial fissures on the inner face of the

* " Anatomie des menschl. Korpers," Ueber Yeranderungen der Gehirnoberflache hervorgerufen
durch Druck von Seite des Uterus. Medizinischer Jab.rbiicb.er berausgegeben von der k. k.
Gesellscbaft der Arzte, 1883, nr., rv. Heft., p. 438.