Freiburger historische Bestände - digital

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Malta has been forgotten, as on the maps of Giovanni
Leardo (Santarem, Essai, III., 440) and of Waldsee-
m iiller, 1507.

The Balkan Peninsula.

pola (E 45).
Zara (E 44).
ragu/a (E 43).

ri/ana (E 43), the modern Rissano, on the Gulf of
Cattaro.

albania (E 44).
scutaria (E 42).

palogea (E 41), on Jomard's facsimile only. It may
be identical with A. Benincasa's Palormi, the modern
Palermo.

Johania (E 39), Yanina.
The island of corfu (E 40) is shown on the original,
but it is named only by Jom and Ghil.
morea (E 35).

corint (E 36).
livadia (E37).

lepanto (E 38).
macedonia (E 40), with coat of arms (three crowns
in red).

philippi, placed beneath, is meant for a town of that
name founded by Philip II., which flourished until
destroyed by the Turks. Its ruins are still known as
Filibe.

krichenlant (E 42), Greece, in the place of Thrace or
Rum-ili, the country of the Byzantine Greeks.

constantinopoli (E 42), Constantinople. Above it
rise two flags, the one red with five stars, the other green
with a crescent and three stars. Constantinople was
captured by the Turks in 1453.

adrianopla (E 44).

fuffey (E 43), Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
candia (E 35), with the flag of Genoa, although the
island had been bought by the Venetians in 1204, and
was held by them until 1669, when the capital, after a
memorable siege, surrendered to the Turks.

Little Tartary.

Long before the close of the fifteenth century Ivan III.
of Muscovy had thrown off the yoke of the Tartars.

As early as 1473 he had entered into an alliance,
defensive and offensive, with Mengli Girei, the Khan of
the Crimean Tartars (1469-1515). This alliance was
mainly directed against the predatory Golden Horde, and
it was not broken off when Kaffa fell into the hands of
the Turks, and Mengli Girei became a feudatory of the
Ottoman Empire.

Sarai, the flourishing capital of the Golden Horde,
the Zavolshskiyi of the Russians (i.e., those beyond the
Volga), was plundered by the Russians in 1480, and
totally destroyed, soon after, by Ibak or Ivak Khan of the
Sheiban Horde of Tyumen or Sibir. In 1481 this same

lvak inflicted a disastrous defeat upon the Golden Horde,
in the course of which Kuchuk Mohamed or Ahmed lost
his life. The sons of Ahmed—Seyed Ahmed, Murtaza
and Sheikh Ahmed—then assumed the rule over three
sections of the tribe, whilst a cousin—Abdul Kerim—
established himself at Citracen (Astrakhan). The Nogai,
a section of whom was established to the west of the
Dniepr whilst the bulk held the region of the rivers Yaik
(Ural) and Yemba (Emba) far to the east, still owned
allegiance to the chiefs of Kipchak.

Kazan was taken in 1487 by the Russians, who carried
off Ali or Ilham Khan a prisoner, and installed in his stead
Mohamed Amin, a stepson of Mengli Girei, who was
their protege.

Lastly there was the Sheiban Horde, of Tyumen, Sibir
or Turan, under Ivak, in close alliance with Russia.

On the history of these Tartar tribes see Karamziu,
• Geschichte d. Russischen Reiches,' Riga, 1820-23;
Hammer-Purgstall, ' Gesch. d. Goldenen Horde,' Pest,
1840 ; Howorth, ' History of the Mongols,' London, II.,
1880.

di/er Icai/er vo tartaria hei/l macoc This Emperor of Tartary is called
(Jom and Ghil: mawe) (F 53). Macoc (Mawe).

This legend evidently refers to the Crimean Tartars,
but no Macoc or Mawe is mentioned among their Khans.
It may, however, refer to Iwak, the Khan of the Sherban
Horde of Tyumen, who defeated Kuchuk Mohammed
Khan of the Golden Horde or Kipchak in 1480 (Hammer-
Purgstall, p. 401).

caff a (F 48), with a Turkish flag, the famous
emporium founded by the Venetians on the ruins of
Theodosia (1262); vainly besieged by Berke or Janibeg
Khan, the Jambec of the Catalan Map (1344), but captured
by the Osmanli (1479).

di/er kaifer vo tartaria hei/l mbo- This Emperor of Tartary is called
lijki der ift faft mechtig und krigt de Sobolijki; he is very powerful and
herzog von der mofcha (F 50). makes war upon the Duke of

Muscovy.

This legend refers to the Golden Horde, which up to
1480 frequently invaded Muscowy and enforced the
payment of tribute. Instead of Sobolijki should be read
Zavolzhskiyi, the " Transvolgan."

sara (F 48), Sarai, the famous capital of the Golden
Horde, founded by Batu Khan on the Lower Volga, about
1250, but destroyed in 1480. Its extensive ruins still
exist near the village Selitronoie. Another Sarai—Sarai
al Jedid, the new Sarai—stood higher up on the Volga,
near Tsaref, and is supposed to have been founded by
Berke or Janibeg (1342-57). See F. M. Schmidt,
' Zeitschrift f. Erdkunde,' XX., 1885, pp. 233-43.

Jom and Ghil omit Sarai, and inscribe Senta in its
place.

d. kaiser ofter \ schuckt \ genat ] in This Emperor called ofter schuckt

der | gat [stat ?] za \ zara in \ tata | ......in the town of Zara (Sarai)

ria (G 53). in Tartary.